In constraint-induced language therapy, stimuli are __ to increase/decrease task __ through changing characteristics of __ and requirements of __.

• A. Manipulated; Difficulty; Items; Responses
• B. Altered; Complexity; Materials; Outputs
• C. Changed; Demand; Tasks; Actions
• D. Adjusted; Challenge; Tools; Strategies

Answer: (A)

In constraint-induced language therapy, the challenge is set by adjusting how hard the language tasks are for the person to perform. This is done by manipulating the stimuli themselves to change the demand placed on the responses. By altering characteristics of the items presented (such as complexity, length, frequency, or cue type) and by changing what the response must be (how many items, level of accuracy, time pressure, prompting), the therapist can raise or lower task difficulty to keep the person in a high-effort, practice-rich state. The phrasing that stimuli are manipulated to increase/decrease task difficulty through changing characteristics of items and requirements of responses matches this approach exactly. Other options use terms like materials, outputs, tools, or strategies, which don’t pinpoint how the stimuli and response demands are being adjusted in CI therapy.